CATEGORIES OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS

1) Insulin

2) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (starch inhibitors)

3) Sulfonylureas

4) Biguanides

5) Thizoladinediones

6) Insulin secretagogues

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (starch inhibitors) – Block intestinal starch absorption

Precose – Acarbose

Glyset – Miglitol

Sulfonylureas

Amaryl - Glimepiride

Dia-beta – Glyburide

Diabinase – Chlorpropamide

Dymelor – Acetohexamide

Glucotrol – Olipazide

Micronase – Glyburide

Orinase – Tolbutamide

Tolinase - Tolazamide

• Acute release of insulin by functioning beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue
• Increase insulin sensitivity
• Liver, Muscle, Fat
• RBCs, Monocytes

Biguanides

Glucophage - Metformin hydrochloride

• Reduces hepatic glucose overproduction
• Increases insulin receptors
• Decreased intestinal absorption of glucose

Thizoladinediones

Actos – Piglitazone

Avandia – Rosiglitazone

• Affects Liver, Muscle, and Fat
• Decreases insulin resistance
• Increases glucose uptake
• Decreased hepatic glucose production
• Affects PPARs (peroxizome proliferated activated receptors) – creates liver side effects

Insulin secretagogues – nonsulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents (metglitinides)

Prandin – Repaglinide

Starlix – Nateglinide (not approved in US)

• Enhances insulin secretion by functioning pancreas